World Portray in America after September11 event

Review on Bush’s Speeches and American Public Opinions: friends and enemies
“The Pet Goat. A- girl- got- a- goat. But-the goat-did-some-things-that-made-the- girl’s –dad-mad.” The children read aloud. (Unger.2004:250) A minute ago, after classroom’s thirty seconds silence, Ari Fleischer held up a pad of paper for Bush to see: “Don’t Say Anything Yet”, so Bush picked up the book to read a story called “The Pet Goat”. The reading continued to 9:12! At 9:30, Bush addressed the nation:” Today we had a national tragedy,” he said “Two airplanes have crashed into the World Trade Center in an apparent Terrorist attack on our country.”
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September11 is a horrible event which has been narrated in different stories. Although the Americans mass opinions were led to fear of big enemies just minutes after this event, and they were made ready for “War on Terror”, but some confusions remained always without answer! Why agents of september11 event are introduce to American people “Terrorist”? They could get “Hijacker” name! How these terrorist could access American airlines? This is not possible without influence on this system! How Gorge. W .Bush could keep his discipline after being aware? “What a horrible accident!” he said when Karl Rove rushed up him about the plane crash, in Emma E. Booker elementary school in Sarasota, at 9:00. (That’s reference) After that he went to some classrooms and communicated with children in reading the books! Of course answering these questions is not easy, but considering some deep investigation about september11 event and passing some Bush’s important speeches, is not impossible! in this article i am not try to find testimonial for condemning Bush in 9/11 event. At least, I try to light some dark sides of this “national tragedy” that he pointed it and with this tool makes portraite of face of Enemies and Friens. the enemies and Friends taht their face are not clear. Craig Unger in 2004 made a document that make shoke some of the people who were persuading the narations of 9/11. in his book he showed that how the Bush inner circle is in the very deep pockets of the brutal Saudi dictators. His book betrays many secrets of American foreign policy. Also David Lyon also has a book named “Surveillance after September 11”; this is useful for extending my discussion, too. I will have two concerns for considering: Investigating September11 event and the process of forming mass opinions by Bush, the portray of American nation and their enemies in his speeches.

Bush’s truth for his people
“Oh, braggart! Liar!
Leave the nice women’s hair and give up this excuse!
Know that your bows and arrows is not working again!
The bow which is shooting by timid man would not work!” (Nasr, 2002:51@52)
800 years ago Hummer composed it to explain Troy War, when addressed an enemy who hide himself in safe place! But I think this situation is not strange for us. We experience this event, maybe several times! Today also governments behind of curtains or closed doors make events and pretend that they don’t know any thing about the reality and they also worry about it like other people! “This is Al Qaeda.” Richard Clarke was one of those who knew who was behind them and say this sentence an hour after september11 attackes. (Unger, 2004:250)CIA director George Tenet, instantly came to the same assessment when he was eating breakfast with former senator David Born at the St. Regis Hotel in Washington when he talked about the hijackings: “This has bin Laden’s fingerprints all over it.”(That’s reference) he some days ago talked about his concerns about bin Laden, with his friend. (Woodward, 2002:3) he George J. Tenet, CIA Director was worried about one terrible event: “something spectacular is coming.” According to Bush reaction when he found the event in first moment, we could understand that they are aware of some side of this danger! They are ready for one horrible event! The CIA had been after bin Laden for more than five years before September11 because he was accused of sponsoring terrorist bombings of the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania that had left more than 200 people dead. (Woodward, 2002:5)More recently, Tenet had worried that there would be attacks during the July4, 2001, but do not people know anything about it? Bush who addressed dead people in september11 “our nation”, “our people of all colors”, “The innocent”, “fallen comrades” and “young mothers and daddies”(1)didn’t said to them that his administrations had had some information about this event, before happened! Of course, people could get some information about this event from creditable recourses but Bush’s speech always has a lot of audience from American citizen and in fact has more influence on mass opinion. In his speeches he put Americans to face the world and portrayed september11 more than a terrible event: “For America, 9/11 was more than a tragedy; it changed the way we look at the world.” Bush later, tree days after september11 in remarking at National Day of prayer and remembrance said to disastered families that: “you are not alone….we answer these attacks and rid the world of evil.”(Washington, D.C., september14, 2001).

War on Terror, War on the World
After September11 attacks, The War on Terror has been contributed to Americans like a national project; Bush introduced the enemies who were the entire world except America but the Americans don’t know exactly who were the enemies, these enemies’ face became clear in political discussions or in media gradually. Al Qaeda, Ben Laden, Afghanistan and finally Iraq were introduced one after another! For this part I have a question: why American did not keep on reach Saudi Arabia? Two hours before September11 event, in Washington, at the Ritz Carlton Hotel was a conference, among who those attended were James Baker, Frank Carlucci, and, representatives of the Bin Laden family, Shafing bin Laden, one of Osama’s Bin Laden, one of Osama’s many brothers.(Unger, 2004:247) but this meeting followed of American foreign policy with Saudi Arabia! Why was Afghanistan introduced as the first enemy? Craig Unger discussing about it with “The double marriage” title in House of Bush, House of Saud, he said: “throughout the roaring eighties, the U. S.-Saudi marriage continued to thrive. It wasn’t just that the United States got billions of dollars of reasonably priced oil and Saudis were able to arm to arm themselves with American weapons. In addition, the cover operation in Afghanistan and Iraq were beneficial to both parties. For all its success, however, there was just one problem with the arrangement; if one thought of the U.S.-Saudi activities as a steady relationship, the Saudis were already married to someone else.” So it seems introducing Enemies to people is completely directed. I think Americans also are less or more are controlled and effected by the attack. The new powers addressed not only suspected terrorists but other criminals as well, yet this is war whose location and timing is unclear. This portray that “Terrorists live among urban civilian populations, so attacking them,” is embossed for them constantly.(Lyon, 2003:41) so they have some information about the enemy: he is Muslim, and in Middle East and he could be terrorist or not, as Bush said: “I am often asked why we’re in Iraq when Saddam Hussein was not responsible for the 9/11 attacks. The answer is that the regime of Saddam Hussein was a clear threat.”(CNN.com, 2006) he also added: “My administration, the Congress and the United Nations saw the threat.” But Bush didn’t say that they saw and knew some other details about this event!

New enemy
Bush also has special concepts and words for explaining this world that enemies are in; he talked about “Middle East”, they have “radical dictators”, they” hand on weapons of mass destruction” and they armed “with nuclear weapons” (CNN, That’s reference). It seems that understanding the target of Bush in this speech is not so hard! Iran and her nuclear project that have been tumult subject in American mass media for two years ago, is a most possible suspicious for the American audience, that can be is a new enemy! So it can be said that American mass opinion is getting ready to recognize a new subject in “ The War on Terror”!

Leave the nice women’s hair…
Psychological warfare(2) and its influence on Public Opinions (3)are not new subjects. Some governments use their favorite tactics to form Mass opinions. Really what event could make Americans ready for two bloody Wars, in less than two years? What event could convince them for this human and moral cost like War in shadow of War on Terror? What event could they make that the World is against them, just September11 attack? So, if we notice American affairs like Cold War, we can find a meaningful relationship between september11 attacks, extending surveillance on American people, and the acceptable cause for War on World! So American government with portraying unclear dangers in the world could play a big role of informing Americans and in shadow of this role gradually introduced new enemies. So Bush with addressing Americans “The innocent”, and the terrorist world “Millions of Muslims Against our citizen”(4), he set the people against the world, and it can be called against Muslims, against Middle East people! Again I want to remained that Bush that could manage this event exactly some moments after being informed, could also use it for his goals, the goals which Americans lost their dears for it while they didn’t know so much about it! So can I croon this poem with myself?
“Oh, braggart! Liar!
Leave the nice women’s hair and give up this excuse!
Know that your bows and arrows…”

References:
1- Lyon, D, (2003) Surveillance after September11, Cambridge, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
2- Nasr, S, (2002) Psychological Warfare, Tr: Haqiqati kashani, M, Tehran, Soroush Press.
3- Unger, C, (2004) House of Bush, House of Saud, New York, Scribner.
4- Woodward, B, (2002) Bush at War, New York, Simon@Schuster.

Web Sites:
1- http://www.CNN.com
2- http://www.wikipedia.org
3- same weblog
4- http://www.whitehouse.gov

Superior culture abusing the inferior

Review to African Americans dance and music

We just talk about Racism, in meanwhile, behind our sentences, the people who have experience with the reality of it, are living! We enjoy of African American nice dance in TV shows but when we ask of ourselves about the existence of this art? of course African Americans are the best dancer but how this function is accepted in America according to sad background of citizenship of them? ok, we think about the Racism and may think that this rude penalty is going to finish, but i think representing some of their dance in society is just for serving the public and making it happy! Just this. If not. Why this society just acknowledges the matter of African Americans in Dance? And why the titles of famous dances of them are labeled by "Black"? Like "black bottom"? In this essay i try to review on the history of racism in USA. And focus on the arts that they enjoy to do them. For this work i use of second hand data, like the documents of book and review in the relevant sites.

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A black dancer, full of wonderful rhythmic movement, walks around himself fast and gathers a lot of people who desire to spend their free time in coffees, clubs or in front of the TV! They enjoy listening to Ragtime music and leaving themselves free in sexual interests, in shadow of the "other" culture.I want to consider the cultural challenges in American popular music. Studying African-American culture and social status could be useful for understanding how this racial group's art serves the majority population in United States. I have two questions in this essay and I try to answer to them:Is Blacks` dance nice from Whites` s point of view ?What the usage of blacks` art for the American culture?

Ethnicity or Race?

I have to sign of one point before starting my discussion. “Racism is a word that came into general usage in the 1930s” (Miles.1989:42 ). It was at first a positive term launched by fascists to describe the important they assigned to them became the central term to express intellectual critiques of fascism. Race was affected by the vicinity to racism. In scholarly language, after World War 2 "race" slowly began to displace by "ethnicity" so that Irish-American, for example, did not remain a "race" but became a "ethnic group". So it seems for discussing about whites and black's cultural challenge, reference to both of them becomes true, because according to the Academic Racism we have two approach to blacks, “first the Europe's like Darwin, David Hume and Immanuel Kant who categorized the Negroes naturally and biologically from whites and second, the German philosophers like Hegel who simply declared African is no historical part of the world.”(1) I think some of attitudes about black race roots from their situation compare to whites especially in USA. Slavery seems has had more relation with this problem.

From Slavery to Racism

By 1660, slavery had emerged in several colonies as a legal institution (Hornsby. 2005:143). “Between 1640 and 1660, some evidence, though rather scant, ambiguous, and at times even contradictory-suggests a debasement of African labor and, in some cases, black labor in perpetuity. Shreds of fragmentary evidence exist for the period 1619- 40, but the scarcity of such evidence makes conclusions tentative.”Some of scholars argue that economic factors in particular, the rise of plantation slavery led to institutionalized slavery and racism.I think not only enslaver cause to create high feeling between whites, but also it had more important influence on black nation: down feeling! Blacks from the seventeen century to the present believe that they belong to downer race, statue, less or more! Although black always fighting for attach his natural rights and for example in American civil war, the role of African American is not denial able but It seems this racial situation which we could talk about it in frame of words, as I said, make “doubtful striving” that Du Bois believes “has often made his (black) very strength to lose effectiveness, to seem like absence of power, like weakness.”(Du bois: 3)

Try! But don’t think so anybody pay attention to you!

“The Negro minister or doctor”, “black savant” or African American artists have some contrast when they serve the people, as Du Bois said. It seems this contrast is rooted from their status situation that is called: Status Inconsistency Status Inconsistency is situation when an individual’s social positions have both positive and negative influences on his social status. For example, a doctor will have higher status than a factory worker, generally, but a black doctor has downer status than a white factory, because of his race! So this situation cause to confusion and doubt in the soul of the black artist too, his dancing and singing beauty revealed to him is soul-beauty of race which his larger audience despised, and he could not articulate the massage of another people! So I have main question! Is not nice Black's art in White's eyes?The music in USA is used for some purposes, like “Hate music” (Roy Wilson.1995:198) or Pop or ragtime music. These popular cultures also rooted from some elements like the immigration’s cultures.

Dance in the sticky mud

Ren`ee Zellweger, Cathwrine Zeta Jones and Richard Gere in 2002 played in "Chicago" which was the version of “Roxie Hart” Roxi Gere in 1942 (2) .Although Chicago has not exactly like her original film, but it is reminiscent of nice version of “Black Bottom” that was played by Giner Rogers in 1942.Black Bottom that its other names are The Filck, The Side Shuffle, the Walk and Five Step (1920s) comes to USA from Black culture!
“Black Bottom (aka Swanee Bottom) was originally from New Orleans, later worked its way to Georgia and finally New York. Some say the Black Bottom was introduced by blues singer "Alberta Hunter"(3). Some newspapers say it is of the Mississippi Negros trying to dance in the sticky mud (2/12/1927 - Davenport Democrat and Leader). But why BLACK BOTTOM? Perry Bradford’s sheet music had the music as well as the dance instructions printed on them. Bradford says that he first saw the Dance done in Jacksonville and decided to write a song about it in 1907 called the 'Jacksonville Rounder’s Dance' which used the term "Black Bottom" to describe the dance, but the song was not popular because "Rounder" meant "Pimp" (for the Pimp Walk) and no one wanted to dance to it, so he re-wrote the song and titled it the 'Original Black Bottom Dance' in 1919 which he introduced in Nashville Tennessee. In 1926 the Black Bottom became the rage and replaced the Charlston, also done at the Apollo Theater in 1927 with the George White Scandals. The Five Step, Varsity Drag and the Lowdown tired to replace the Black Bottom, but only the Low Down (a sensuous shiver and a flutter of the hips) actually made a real attempt.

What is the usage of African American music?

I want to came back to my first question before starting this part: Is Blacks` dance nice from Whites` s point of view? The answer could be Yes or No but one thing is clear: the African American music in American culture! Another question is this: What the usage of black's art for American culture? “Early African American music- spirituals, Gospel and Blues reflected the poverty and oppression of slaves in the South”.(Roy Wilson.1995:200). The only thing the slaves were able to bring with them to this country was expressed through their music. African American music become popular in the nineteen century after the civil war and its popular from known was ragtime that Black Bottom is one of its kinds, 1920s was a decade when prohibition was in effect and illegal drinking was promoted in speakeasies, which played music and allowed people to enjoy themselves by dancing the Charleston. This music contributed to all of class. So after that Jazz music came and the culture was changing during this period as new music, new dances, new styles of dress and new modern cods began altering people’s behavior. Women began smoking and drinking and listening to jazz in speakeasies! They wore short “flapper” dresses and did the Charleston and other “shimmy dances”.

Black Bottom as American back yard

So I want to came back to my second question! It seems the answer is near. The ethnic group, who regards themselves higher statue, could do abnormal actions in downer ethnic group’s culture, the other culture. Pay attention to this name: BLACK BOTTOM. The people, who didn’t agree “Rounder”, accept another name with black roots! In the other means they could do “illegal” actions and “enjoy themselves by dancing Charleston” in African American Music’s frame.

References:
1- Bois, D, Goldberg, D and Solomon, J, (2002), A companion to radical and ethnic studies, Massachusetts, Black well publishers.

2- Hornsby, Alton, (2005), A companion to African American history, Massachusetts, Black well publishing.

3- Miles, R, (1989), Racism, London, Rutledge.

4- Roy Wilson, S, (1995), Mass Media, Mass culture: an introduction. New York.

Sites:
1- http://en.wikipedia.org/

2- http://www.amazon.com/

3- http://www.streetswing.com/